When a user sends a print command from a computer to the printer, the print spooling process creates a “print job” to some files that remain in the queue unless the print operation is completed successfully. Print Spooling: This process occurs when a computer prints files in a Windows environment.However, some other supported browsers are Opera, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, and Apple Safari. Microsoft Windows Explorer is the default web browser for Windows OSs. Browser History: Every Web Browser generates history files that contain significant information.Thumbs.db Files: These have images’ thumbnails that can provide relevant information.For example, see the table below that provides registry keys and associated files that encompasses user activities on the system. Registry: Windows Registry holds a database of values and keys that give useful pieces of information to forensic analysts.This process is called “Soft Deletion.” Recovering files from recycle bin can be a good source of evidence. When a user deletes files, a copy of them is stored in recycle bin. Recycle Bin: This holds files that have been discarded by the user.Investigators can search out evidence by analyzing the following important locations of the Windows: The file systems used by Windows include FAT, exFAT, NTFS, and ReFS. Windows is a widely used OS designed by Microsoft. The most popular types of Operating Systems are Windows, Linux, Mac, iOS, and Android. Some indispensable aspects of OS forensics are discussed in subsequent sections. OS forensics also involves web browsing artifacts, such as messaging and email artifacts. Another important aspect of OS forensics is memory forensics, which incorporates virtual memory, Windows memory, Linux memory, Mac OS memory, memory extraction, and swap spaces. Data and file recovery techniques for these file systems include data carving, slack space, and data hiding. There are many file systems introduced for different operating systems, such as FAT, exFAT, and NTFS for Windows Operating Systems (OSs), and Ext2fs, or Ext3fs for Linux OSs. The file system also identifies how hard drive stores data. The file system provides an operating system with a roadmap to data on the hard disk. Overview: The understanding of an OS and its file system is necessary to recover data for computer investigations. The aim of collecting this information is to acquire empirical evidence against the perpetrator. What is Operating system forensics?ĭefinition: Operating System Forensics is the process of retrieving useful information from the Operating System (OS) of the computer or mobile device in question. Modern OSs track a good deal of information that could become artifacts of evidentiary value on the eve of forensic examination. The forensic examiner must understand OSs, file systems, and numerous tools required to perform a thorough forensic examination of the suspected machine.
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